The Quranic Sign of Inab (Grape): Integrating Prophetic Medicine with Modern Pharmaceutics

Abstract

The Holy Quran mentions Grapes (Inab) eleven times, citing them as a divine provision and a "sign for those who reflect." While classical Islamic medicine recognized their general benefits, modern pharmaceutical science has identified Resveratrol—a polyphenol found in grape skins—as a potent anticancer agent. Despite this therapeutic potential, the clinical application of Resveratrol is severely hindered by its poor water solubility, rapid metabolism, and low bioavailability. This systematic review aims to bridge the gap between Quranic wisdom and modern pharmaceutics by evaluating the efficacy of nanotechnology in overcoming these pharmacokinetic limitations. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify high-impact studies published between 2015 and 2025. The review specifically analyzes the formulation of Resveratrol into Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles. The findings indicate that nano-encapsulation increases the drug's water solubility by over 30-fold and provides a sustained release profile for up to 48 hours. Furthermore, comparative data reveals that these nano-formulations demonstrate significantly higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG2 (liver cancer) cell lines compared to the raw drug. This study concludes that modern nanotechnology effectively validates the therapeutic potential of the Quranic "blessed fruit," offering a novel, scientifically rigorous approach to integrating Prophetic Medicine with advanced drug delivery systems.