The Direct & Indirect form of Bay' al-'Inah: An Analytical Study of the AAOIFI Council's Position
بیع عینہ کی بلا واسطہ و بالواسطہ صورت : مجلس ایوفی کے موقف کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Keywords:
AAOIFI Council, Bay' al-'Inah, Direct Repurchase, Indirect RepurchaseAbstract
Sharia Scholars and economic experts in the Muslim world have been making efforts for a long time to present an Islamic alternative to conventional banking. In this regard, a highly organized and valuable effort was made by the AAOIFI council at the international level. AAOIFI council proposed several alternatives to conventional banking, one of which was "Bay' al-'Inah". The council suggested different forms of Bay' al-'Inah, such as Tawarruq, for Islamic financial institutions, while declared some other forms impermissible. There has been a difference of opinion among classical scholors regarding Bay' al-'Inah, so contemporary scholors have also differed on this issue. As a result, some contemporary researchers have adopted the position of impermissibility regarding all forms of Bay' al-'Inah, including Tawarruq, while others have declared its all forms permissible. In recent times, many researches has been conducted on Tawarruq, a form of Bay' al-'Inah, but two other well-known forms of Bay' al-'Inah, "Direct Repurchase" and "Indirect Repurchase", also have the potential to be the best alternative to many invalid contracts. However, for this, a research analysis of the permissibility and impermissibility of these forms from a jurisprudential point of view and an analytical study of the position of the AAOIFI council and contemporary researchers was needed. This article attempts to fill this gap.
References
Al-Dirdir, Ahmad bin Muhammad, Akrab al-Masalik for the Madhhab of Imam Malik, Dar Al-Maarif, Beirut, Volume 3, Page 127
Al-Khwarizmi, Burhan al-Din, Nasir ibn Abd al-Sayed, al-Maghrib in the order of the Arabs, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut, p. 335
Hattab, Muahib al-Jalil Sharh al-Khalil, Volume 4, page 404, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut.
Ibn Arfa, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad, Hashiya Dasuqi, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, Volume 3, Page 88
Mulla Ali Qari, Ali Ibn Sultan, Fateh Bab Naqayyah in Sharh Naqayyah, Shirkat Dar Arqam, Lebanon, Volume 5, Page 1920
Ibn Abidin, Rid al-Muhthar with Al-Dur al-Mukhtar, Meaning of Bey al-Aina, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, Vol. 5, p. 325
Al-Marghinani, Burhan al-Din, Ali bin Abu Bakr, Al-Hudayah, Dar Ihya al-Tarath al-Arabi, Beirut, Volume 3, page 94
Zailai, Fakhr al-Din, Uthman bin Ali, Tabeen al-Haqaiq Sharh Kunz al-Daqayq, Muttaba al-Kabri Amiriyya, Cairo, Volume 4, page 163.
Zarqani, Abd al-Baqi bin Yusuf, Sharh al-Zarqani Ali al-Khalil, Dar al-Kutub al-Elamiya, Beirut, vol. 5, p. 192
Al-Maghribi, Hussain bin Muhammad, Al-Badr al-Tamam Shareh Balogh al-Maram, Dar al-Hajr, Beirut, Volume 6, page 188
Aini, Badr al-Din, Mahmud bin Ahmad, Umadat al-Qari, Dar Ihya al-Tarath al-Arabi, Beirut, Volume 11, page 254; Al-Khadimi,
Tayyibi, Al-Kashif un Haqiq al-Sunan, Volume 7, Page 2129; Ibn Majah, al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Muhiit Burhani, Dar al-Kitab al-Imiya, Beirut, vol.7, p.139
In the first case, the loan itself has been fixed as the price, while in the second case, the cash price has been paid.
Ozjundi, Faqeeh al-Nafs, Qazi Khan, Husain bin Mansoor, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Dar al-Kitab al-Ulamiya, Beirut, Volume 2, page 140; Khadimi, Buriqah Mahmudiyah Sharh Buriqah Muhammadiyah, Volume 4, pp. 192-193
Aini, Badr al-Din, Mahmud bin Ahmad, Al-Banaiyyah, Dar al-Kitab al-Ulamiya, Beirut, Volume 8, page 461; Ozjabadi, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Volume 2, page 141
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Vol. 7, p. 212; Zila'i, Tabi'in al-Haqayq Sharh Kunz al-Daqayq, Volume 4, page 163
Aini, Umdat al-Qari, Volume 11, Page 254
Al-Baji, Abu al-Waleed, Sulaiman bin Khalaf, Al-Muntaqi Sharh Mota, Muttaba al-Saada, Misr, Volume 4, Page 288
Al-Maayar Al-Sharia, Al-Hayat al-Mashabisa wa Al-Majrajah for Islamic Financial Institutions, Al-Maayar Al-Sharia (20), page 342
Al-Hayat al-Mashabisa wa al-Marijaat for Islamic financial institutions, Al-Ma’ayir Al-Sharia, Al-Ma’yar al-Sharia (49), Al-Wa’ad wa Al-Mawa’idah, page 1190
Al-Masdar al-Aqee, page 1381
Mulla Ali Qari, Ali Ibn Sultan, Fateh Bab Naqayyah, Volume 4, Page 126, Shirkat Dar Arqam, Lebanon; Zila'i, Tabi'in al-Haqayq, Volume 4, page 55
According to Hanaf jurists, the decrease in price/market value is not valid. See Sarkhsi, Al-Mabusut, Volume 13, Page 123
Majlis Ayofi, Shariah Standards, Shariah Standards (58), Volume 1, Page 1381
Al-Masdar al-Aqee, page 1396
According to Imam Abu Yusuf, may God have mercy on him, this pledge is invalid, but according to the correct opinion, this pledge is invalid, because there is no lack of belief or the ability of the seller, but the terms of the pledge are lacking in legitimacy, so this pledge will be valid and valid, but invalid. will be See Sarkhsi, Razi-ud-Din, Muhammad bin Muhammad, Mukhit al-Rizwi fi Faroo Fiqh al-Hanafi, Vol. 1, p. 222, Manuscript
Abu Yusuf, Yaqub bin Ibrahim, Kitab al-Hijjah Ali Ahl al-Madinah, Alam al-Kitab, Beirut, Volume 2, page 746
Shibani, Muhammad Bin Hasan, Al-Asl Lal Shibani, Idarat al-Qur'an wa Uloom al-Islamiyya, Karachi, Volume 5, Page 207
Sanani, Abd al-Razzaq bin Hammam, author Abd al-Razzaq, Maktab al-Islami, Beirut, vol.8, page 185
Al-Sarkhsi, Shams Al-Aima, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Al-Mabusut, Dar Al-Marfa, Beirut, Volume 13, Page 122
Al-Baqara 275
Zali'i, Tabayin al-Haqaiq Sharh Kunz al-Daqayq and Hashiyyah al-Shalbi, Volume 4, page 53
Sarkhsi, Al-Mabusut, Volume 13, Page 122
Kasani, Alauddin, Abu Bakr bin Masoud, Bada'i al-Sana'i, Dar al-Kitab al-Ulamiya, Beirut, Volume 5, page 199
Aini, Al-Binaya Sharh al-Hidayah, Volume 8, Page 176
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 6, page 438
Nawi, Abu Zakariya, Yahya bin Sharaf, Ruzat al-Talbeen wa Umdat al-Muftayin, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, vol.3, p. 419; Ibn Mulqan, Abu Hafs, Umar Ibn Ali, Al-Alam bifua’id Umdat al-Ahkam, Dar al-Asma, Saudia, Volume 7, page 337
Nawi, Abu Zakariya, Yahya Ibn Sharaf, Al-Majmoo Sharh al-Mahzab, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, Volume 9, Page 314
Al-Suyuti, Shams al-Din, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Jawahar al-Aqud wa Moin al-Qadaa wa al-Muqahin wa al-Shud, Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya, Beirut, Volume 1, page 61
Sanani, Amir, Muhammad bin Ismail, Sabal al-Salam Sharh Balogh al-Maram, Dar al-Hadith, Cairo, Volume 2, page 57
Manawi, Zain al-Din, Abd al-Rauf bin Taj al-Arifin, Faiz al-Qadeer, Al-Muqabah al-Tarjaya al-Kubara, Egypt, Volume 1, page 113
Tayyibi, Al-Kashif on the Facts of Al-Sunan, Volume 7, Page 2129
Ibn Rushd, Abu al-Waleed, Al-Bayan, Tahsil, Al-Sharh, Al-Tawjiyyah, and Al-Taalil for the Matters of Al-Mustaharijah, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut, Volume 7, Page 90.
Lakhmi, Ali bin Muhammad, Al-Tassura, Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, Qatar, Volume 9, Page 4171
Kalwazani, Abu al-Khattab, Mahfouz bin Ahmad, Guide to the religion of Imam Abu Abdullah, Gharas Foundation for Distribution, Beirut, p. 243
Mardawi, Al-Ansaf fi Ma'rifat al-Rajh min al-Khilaf, Volume 4, 335-336
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, Mussitat al-Rasalat, Beirut, Volume 11, Page 203, Hadith No. 6628; Marginani, Al-Hadayah, Volume 3, page 48
Ozjundi, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Volume 2, Page 141; Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 7, page 202
Allama Babarti agreed that this situation is permissible Babarti, Al-Dari, Vol. 6, page 433; Even many jurists after Allama Ibn Hammam unanimously declared this situation as legitimate, which shows the status of this different position of Allama Ibn Hammam according to Hanaf jurists. See Nabulsi, Abdul Ghani bin Ismail, Hadiqa al-Nadia Sharh Tariqat al-Muhammadiya, Maktaba al-Nooriya al-Razwiyyah, Lahore, Volume 2, page 619
Shaibani, Al-Mabusut, Volume 5, Page 206
Khadimi, Buriqah Mahmudiyah Sharh Buriqah Muhammadiyah, Volume 4, page 194; Abd al-Haleem, Hashiya Ali al-Darr al-Hakam, Volume 2, page 699
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 7, page 213
Ibrahim bin Hussain, Umada Dhu al-Basair to solve the problems of Ashbah and Nazair, Manuscript, page 29
Ibn Abidin, al-Shami, Al-Aqd al-Diriyah fi Tanqeeh al-Fatawi al-Hamdiyya, Dar al-Marifa, Beirut, vol. 2, sadha 223
Sarkhsi, Razi-ud-Din, Muhammad bin Muhammad, Muhyid al-Rizwi fi Faroo Fiqh al-Hanafi, Manuscript, Volume 1, page 222,
Kasani, Bada'i al-Sina'i in the Order of Al-Shari'a, Volume 5, page 199
Sarkhsi, Al-Mabusut, Volume 13, Page 123
Al-Sajistani, Sulaiman bin Ash'ath, Sunan Abu Dawud, Maktaba Al-Asriya, Beirut, Volume 2, Page 124, Hadith Number 1655
Zila'i, Tabi'in al-Haqayq, Vol. 4, p. 55
Narrated by Imam Abu Yusuf, may God have mercy on him, "because he did it to many of the Companions, and praise be to him, and he did not mention it to his Lord." The tradition is problematic from the point of view of the art of hadith, while according to the jurists and usulists, it is a "missor" because according to the jurists and usulists, it is a messenger, disconnected, Al-Muzaal and Maktuwa are all the names of "Mursal" and this tradition is popular in terms of ruling, because if a reliable narrator narrates it as Mursal (or Mu'azal in the term of Muhadditheen), then his tradition is accepted. See Ibn Salah, Ahmad Ibn Muhammad, Case, page 52, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut; Taftazani, Saad al-Din, Masoud bin Umar, Explanatory with Talweeh, Maktab Sabih, Egypt, Volume 2, Page 15
From the context and style of the words, it is known that this sentence "Walahtiyal lifrar an al-Haram Mandawb" is also Imam Abu Yusuf may Allah's mercy be upon him.
Abdul Halim, Hashiya Ali Al-Darr, Manuscript, Volume 2, Page 699
Al-Fatawi Hindi, Volume 6, Page 409
Ozjundi, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Volume 2, Page 141
Sheikhizadeh, Damad Effendi, Majma al-Anhar, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, Beirut, Volume 2, page 139; Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 7, page 213
Fayoumi, Abu al-Abbas, Ahmad bin Muhammad, Misbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabeer, Maktab al-Ilamiyyah, Beirut, Volume 2, page 440
Nawi, Al-Majmuth Sharh al-Mahzab, Volume 9, Page 314
Ibn Rushd, Al-Bayan and Tahsil, Volume 7, Page 90
Hattab, Moahib al-Jalil Sharh short Khalil, Volume 4, page 396
Qairwani, Abdullah, Al-Nawader wal-Ziyadat Ali Ma Fi Al-Maduna Min Ghirha Min Alamhat, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut, Volume 6, Page 85
Hattab, Moahib al-Jalil Sharh al-Khalil, Volume 4, page 404
Imam Malik, may God have mercy on him, narrated the words "La Khair fi Haysoo" about this situation, which is used for both makruh tahrimi and tanzihi. Here the disgust is milder than the first case, it is possible that in the case of Dalalah not being conditional, Makruh Tanzihi is meant, but according to Imam Malik, the clarification of Tahrimi or Tanzihi could not be found from the Maliki jurists. In which, according to Imam Malik, this sale has been declared permissible.
Zarakshi, Shams al-Din, Muhammad bin Abdullah, Sharh al-Zarkashi Ali Al-Mukhtasar al-Kharqi, Dar al-Ubaikan, Egypt, Volume 3, page 601
Muqdisi, Shams al-Din, Muhammad bin Muflah, Al-Faroo with Tasheeh Al-Faroo, Musisat al-Rasalat, Beirut, Volume 6, Page 315
Ibn Qudama, Al-Maqdisi, Abdullah Ibn Ahmad, Al-Mughni, Maktaba Cairo, Egypt, Volume 4, Page 134
Al-Bahouti, Mansoor bin Yunus, Al-Rawd al-Mubarba Shahrzad al-Mustakna, Musisat al-Rasalat, Beirut, Vol. 1, p. 318
Al-Uthaymeen, Muhammad bin Salih, Fateh Dhul-Jalal wa-Ikram, Al-Muktaba al-Islamiyya, Makkah, Volume 3, Page 570
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 6, page 443
Ibn Abidin, Rad al-Muhthar, Vol. 5, p. 325
Al-Sajistani, Sunan Abi Dawud, Chapter Fi Al-Nhi An Al-Aina, Volume 3, Page 274; Bazzar, Ahmad bin Amr, Musnad, Musnad Ibn Abbas, School of Science and Law, Medina; , Vol. 12, p. 205; Bayhaqi, Ahmad bin Hussain, Sunan al-Kubri, Chapter Ma Ward fi Karahiyyah al-Taba’i al-Ayna, Dar al-Kitab Ilmiya, Beirut, Volume 5, page 516; Doulabi, Abu Bishr, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad, Al-Kani Walasma, Dar Ibn Hazm, Beirut, Volume 2, Page 849
Abridged Sunan Abu Dawud, Chapter Al-Nahi An-ul-Aina, Maktab Al-Maarif for Distribution, Al-Riyadh, Volume 2, Page 475
Dhahabi, Abu Abd Allah, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad, Mizan al-Aitdal, Dar al-Marifa, Beirut, vol.4, p. 547; Short Sunan Abu Dawud, Volume 2, Page 475
Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Ahmad Ibn Ali, Tehbih al-Tahzeeb, Press, Daira Al-Maarif Nizamiyyah, Hind, Volume 1, Page 227
Bayhaqi, Ahmad bin Hussain, Shab al-Iman, Maktaba al-Rashid, Riyadh, Volume 6, page 92
Ahmad, Musnad, Musnad Abdullah Bin Umar, Volume 8, Page 440; Bayhaqi, Shab al-Iman, Chapter Al-Jihad, Volume 6, Page 92; Al-Rowayani, Muhammad bin Harun, Musnad, Hadith Abdullah bin Umar, Cordoba Institute, Cairo, Volume 2, page 414
Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Talkhees al-Bahir, Dar al-Kitab al-Ulmiya, Beirut, vol.3, p.48
Majlis Awfi, Shariah Standards, Shariah Standards (58), Volume 2, Pages 1395-1396
Mulla Ali Qari, Murqat, Volume 5, Page 1920; Azizi, Ali Ibn Ahmad, Al-Sarraj al-Munir Sharh Jami al-Sagher, Volume 1, page 103; Tayyibi, Al-Kashif un Haqiq al-Sunan, Volume 7, Page 2129, ; Aini, Umadat al-Qari Sharh Sahih Bukhari, Volume 11, page 254
Manawi, Zain al-Din, Abd al-Awf bin Taj al-Arifin, Al-Tayseer Sharh Jama al-Sagher, School of Imam Shafi’i, Riyadh, Volume 1, Page 84
Effendi, Saadi, Hamish Ali Sharh al-Anayyah Ali al-Hidayyah, Muttaba Al-Kabri Amiriya, Misr, Volume 5, page 425
Ibn Raslan, Sharh Sunan Abu Dawud, Dar al-Falah, Egypt, Volume 14, page 374
Khadimi, Burika Mahmudiyah fi Sharh al-Muhammadiyah and Prophetic Shari’ah fi Sirah Ahmadiyya, Volume 4, page 194
Marginani, Al-Hadayah, Vol. 3, p. 94; Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 7, page 213. See more details of this cause on page number 165.
Shariah Standards, Shariah Standards (30), Taorq, Volume 1, Page 785
Abdul Razzaq, Author, Volume 8, Page 185
Marginani, Al-Hadayah, Vol. 3, p. 94; Ibn Abidin, Rad al-Muhthar, Vol. 5, p. 325
Ozjandi, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Volume 2, Page 141
Banuri Town, Prevailing Islamic Banking, An Analytical Study, Page 316
Ibn Abidin, Rad al-Muhthar, Vol. 5, p. 325
Ozjundi, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Volume 2, page 279; Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 7, page 213
Khasaf, al-Shibani, Kitab al-Khasaf fi al-Hayl, published in Cairo, page 12
Bukhari, Tahir bin Ahmad, Khulasat al-Fatawi, Maktaba Rashidiyyah, Quetta, Volume 3, page 102
Al-Masdr al-Aqee
Ozjundi, Fatawi Qazi Khan, Volume 2, Page 279
Ibn Mazah, Muhith Burhani, Vol.7, p.139
Al-Fatawi Hindi, Volume 6, Page 409
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Kitab Al-Zakah, Volume 2, page 156; Ibn Najim, Bahr al-Raiq, vol.2, pp. 20, 34, 176; Ibn Abidin, Rad al-Muhthar, vol.1, pp. 131-132
Al-Masdr al-Aqee
Sarkhsi, Sharh al-Seer al-Kabeer, Volume 1, page 29; Marginani, Al-Hadayah, Vol. 3, p. 94
Al-Masdr al-Aqee
Al-Shibani, Al-Mabusut, Volume 5, Page 206
Banuri Town, Prevailing Islamic Banking, An Analytical Study, Page 312
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 7, page 213
As mentioned above, this problem is also proved by the original source books of Hanafi religion, i.e. books Zahir al-Rawiya and it is not declared a sin in any book of religion.
Ibn Abidin, Rad al-Muhthar, Vol. 3, p. 173
Ibn Najim, Bahr al-Ra'iq, Vol. 5, p. 125; Ibn Abidin, Rad al-Muhthar, vol.2, p.552
Ibn Hammam, Fateh al-Qadir, Volume 6, page 443
Rather, if the goal is to earn a legitimate profit and avoid usurious contracts, as is the goal of everyone who leaves conventional banking and comes to non-interest banking, and this is also the goal of establishing a non-interest banking system, then Imam According to Abu Yusuf, this intention will also be rewarded.