Carl Brockelmann’s views about the Madni Era of the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
نبی اکرمﷺ کی مدنی زندگی سے متعلق کارل بروکلمان کی آراء
Keywords:
Prophet, Muhammad (PBUH), Islam, History, Orientalism, Carl Brockelman, etcAbstract
A German orientalist Carl Brockelmann is one of those Non-Muslims who have chosen the field of Islamic history to study and write. In his book “History of Islamic People” he has started his accounts from pre-Islamic Arabia. In that chapter C. Brockelmann has covered the biography of prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as well. In that chapter he has presented some discourses which cannot be agreed upon by Muslim thought. In this article “The Madni Era” written by Brockelmann has been taken into consideration and analyzed in the light of Islamic scholarship. The whole article has been presented in descriptive and analytical style. The opinion of Brockelmann is described first and later it has been taken into critical analysis. At the end of article, the result of study has been given.
References
Shah, S.A.., Malik, S.J.., & Ud Din, D.Z.(2023). Carl Brockelmann’s views about Makki Era of Holy Prophet’s Life,نبی اکرم ﷺ کی مکی زندگی کے بارے میں کارل بروکلمان کی آراء. Al Khadim Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Civilization, 4(4), 28-49. Retrieved from https://arjicc.com/index.php/arjicc/article/view/288
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 42
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 19
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 42
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 19
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 43
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 19
See: Maulana Wahid-ud-Din Khan, The Issue of Shatam Rasool, Al-Rasala Books, New Delhi, (2001), pp. 9-21. Dr. Mehdi Razzaqullah, Sirat-e-Nabawi, Urdu translation: Hafiz Muhammad Amin, Dar-ul-Ilm, Mumbai, (2012) p. 409
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 46
Comprehensive Termit, H: 2953
See: Dr. Muhammad Hameedullah, Majmoo'at al-Wathaiq al-Siyasiyyah, Dar al-Nafais, Beirut, (1985), p. 570 and later
For details on these traditions, see:
Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Salafi, Why and How the Jews and Christians?
Ali bin Ibrahim bin Saud, Ajeen, Al-Qafār fi al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'ali, Jordan (1998), pp. 16-288
Ibid, pp. 48، 49
Sirat Ibn Hisham, Publisher's Non-Letter, Cairo, vol. 1, p. 601.
Muhammad bin Umar al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi, Alam-ul-Kutub, Beirut, vol. 1, pp. 13-18
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 49
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 23
Dr. Akram Zia-ul-Amri, Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah al-Sahiha, Urdu translation by Sirat Rehmat Alam, Urdu translator: Khuda Bakhsh Kaliyar, Broadcast, Lahore, (2017) p. 144
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 49
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 24
Anfal:9
Sahih Muslim, 1763
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 50, 51.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 24
See: Akram Husayn Ali al-Sandi, Marwiyat Tarikh Yahud Madinah, Ism al-Nashr al-Naqtaf, (1980), p. 79.
Dr. Akram Zia al-Amri, Al-Mujtama al-Madani fi Ahad al-Nabu'ah, Ism al-Nashr al-Naqtab, (1984), p. 137
For the evacuation of Banu Qainqa'a from Medina, see:
'Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham, al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Badun al-Nashr, Cairo, (1975), vol. 2, p. 48.
Muhammad bin Umar al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi , Alam-ul-Kutub, Beirut( 1984), vol. 1, pp. 176-180
For details of the Battle of Jaat al-Razia, see: Muhammad bin Jarir Tabari, Tarikh al-Rasal wa'l-Muluk, Dar-e-Swedan, Beirut. n), vol. 3, p. 538. Kitab al-Maghazi l-Lwaqidi, vol. 1, pp. 354-362
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 52.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 25
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 54.
Wilhausan, Tarikh al-Dawlat al-Arabiyyah, Al-Maktabat al-Lajnah al-Talif wa'l-Translation wal-Nashr, Cairo, (1968), pp. 15-16
David Margoliuth, Muhammad the rise of Islam, London, (1905), P. 262, 263
'Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam, al-Lekhak, al-Maktab al-Islami, Beirut, (1972), vol. 5, p. 359, 360
Ahmad ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Maktabat al-Kaliyat al-Azhariyya, Cairo, (1978), vol. 5, p. 202.
For details, see Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh Al-Tabari, Dar-e-Sweedan, Beirut. n), vol. 3, p. 9. Imad al-Din Ibn Kathir, al-Badayah wa'l-Nihaya, Dar-ul-Kutub, Beirut, vol. 2, pp. 76-81
See: Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-'Umm wa'l-Muluk, also known as Tarikh al-Tabari, Dar-e-Sweedan, Beirut(s. n), vol. 2, pp. 581-594.
Imad al-Din Ibn Kathir, al-Badayah wa'l-Nihaya, Dar-ul-Kutub, Beirut, (1985), vol. 4, p. 118
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 56.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic People, p 28
For details on the Treaty of Hudaibiya, see Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 260.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 59, 60.
See al-Hajj: 78, al-Nahl: 123. Al-Imran: 95, 96. Al-Nissa: 25. Al-Anam: 161. Al-Baqara: 135
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 65.
For details on the distribution of Hanin's ganaim, see:
Muhammad Ahmad Bashmail, Ghazwa Hanin, Urdu translation: Akhtar Fatehpuri, Nafees Academy, Karachi, (1988), 266-288
See:
Muhammad Ahmad Bashmel, Ghazwa Tabuk, Urdu translation: Akhtar Fatehpuri, Nafis Academy, Karachi, (1989), p. 56.
Dr. Abdullah Qazi, From Badr to Tabuk, Maktaba Quddusia, Lahore, (1994), p. 243
Look at the Islamic counter-narrative to this whole case:
Zafar Ali Qureshi, Ummat-ul-Momineen and Orientalists, Zia-ul-Quran Publishers, Lahore. (2010), pp. 50-67
See:
Dr. Muhammad Hameedullah, Rule and Succession of Muhammad Rasulullah, Urdu translation: Professor Khalid Pervaiz, Beacon Books, Lahore, (2006), pp. 147-151.
Dr. Muhammad Hameedullah, System of Governance in the Prophet's Era, Urdu Academy, Karachi( 1981), pp. 234-254
For details, see:
It is also very useful to read the commentary of this hadith in Sahih Al-Bukhari, 2933 and this Fath al-Bari.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 71.
Goldzehr, Al-Qa'ida wa'l-Shari'ah fi'l-Islam, Publisher's Non-Letter, Cairo, (1948), pp. 31,32.
Dr. Mustafa Azmi, Studies in Hadith Literature, American Trust Publications, (1978)
Afaf Sabra, Al-Mustashraqun wa Muqaddatham al-Hujaria, Cairo, (1980), p. 171.
Dr. Sajid-ur-Rehman Siddiqui, Book and Edit hadith, Maktaba Umar Farooq, Karachi, (2008).
Sayyid Manazir Ahsan Jilani, ed. Hadith, Al-Mizan Publishers, Lahore, (2005)
Al-Naziat:42 ta 46
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 71.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 72.
Al-Baqara:4
Al-Baqara:80
Bees:97. Women:124. Iron:12
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.34,73
21-22
Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Muhammad al-Shukani, Neel al-Awtar, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, (1983), vol. 1, p. 285
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 47.
For a comparison of Jumu'ah and Sabbath, see Dr. Muhammad al-Hawari, Al-Sabat wa'l-Jama'ah fi al-Judaiyyah wa'l-Islam, Dar al-Hani, Cairo, (1988), pp. 235-254.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 48.
These people used to fast for a month in the month of March as a celebration of the moon.
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 75.
Al-Baqara: 183
Al-Baqara: 185
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 65.
Al-Baqara: 125
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 82.
Matthew, chapter 5, phrases 27-29
Deuteronomy, chapter 22, phrases 22-25
Exodus, Chapter 4, Phrase 23
Deuteronomy, chapter 2, phrases 8 to 13
Exodus, Chapter 21, Phrase 14
Exodus, Chapter 2, Phrase 21
See the most useful work in this regard:
'Umar b. Mas'ad Mahna al-Sharbofi, Ara'a al-Mustashirqin Hawl al-Aqbat fi'l-Islam, Ph.D., Jamiat al-Taybah, Saudi Arabia, (2004), pp. 85-309
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 55.
Al-Noor:31–Al-Ahzab:33
For details of these verses, traditions, and relics, see:
Dr. Imran Ayub, Book of Dress and Hijab, Fiqh-ul-Hadith Publications, Lahore, (2011), Chapter No. 3, pp. 119-168
Dr. Hafiza Ayesha Madani, Reinterpretation of Women's Rights in the Twentieth Century, unpublished PhD thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad( 2004), pp. 554-577
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 80, 81.
Genesis, chapter 16, phrases 1 to 4. Ba 17, phrases 15 to 16
Genesis, Chapter 25 Phrases 1 to 2
Chronicles, Chapter 32. For seven sons, see Genesis, chapter 25, phrases 1-2.
Genesis, chapter 29, phrase 23
Genesis, chapter 29, phrase 18
Genesis, chapter 30, phrase 4
Genesis chapter 30, phrases 11 to 12
Exodus, Chapter 2, Phrase 21
Judges, Chapter 1, Phrase 16
Judges, Chapter 4, Phrase 11
Deuteronomy, chapter 21, phrases 10 to 13
2- Samuel, chapter 5, phrases 13-16
1- Muluk, chapter 11, phrases 1-3
Zafar Ali Qureshi, Ummat-ul-Momineen and Orientalists, Zia-ul-Quran Publications, Lahore, (2010), pp. 112-114
Al-Silsila Ahadith al-Sahih, h.999
Comprehensive Termidi, c:1186, 1190, 1191, 1192
Sahih Muslim, H. 2813
Al-Baqara: 102
Correct Heater, H: 2766
Sunan Abu Dawud, 3043
See:
Fataawa Nikah wa Talaq, compiled by Hafiz Imran Ayub, Fiqh-ul-Hadith Publications, Lahore, (2006), p. 35 to
For details, see:
Samiha Raheel Qazi, Family System of Islam and Contemporary and Cultural Boundaries, PhD thesis, Department of Islamic Studies, Punjab University, Lahore, 2009
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 68.
See:
Dr. Nadia al-Amri, Ijtihad al-Rasul, Dar al-Nashr, Beirut.
'Abd al-Jalil Isa Abu al-Nasr, Ijtihad Nabi al-Islam, Dar-i-Ahya al-Kutub al-Arabiya, Cairo.
Dr. Abdul Karim Zaidan, Jami-ul-Usul (Logies fi Usul al-Fiqh), Urdu Translator: Dr. Ahmad Hasan, Shariah Academy, Islamabad, (2014), p. 642.
See:
Dr. Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad al-Awwid, al-Madunah fi al-Ta'aarkh wa'l-Priority, al-Jami'ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Saudia, al-Riyadh, (1441 AH), pp. 205-360
See Sirat Ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 260
Sahih Muslim, H.6128
C. Brocklemann, History of the Islamic Branches, p 64.
See: Shahab al-Din al-Qurafi, Al-Ajooba al-Fakhra an al-Isila al-Fajra, Research by Muhammad Naji Dawud, Jamiat Umm al-Qura, Makat al-Mukarramah, (1985), pp. 148-157.
Ahmad b. 'Abd al-Haleem ibn Taymiyah, al-Jawab al-Sahih laman badal din al-masih, Dar al-Taseel, Jadah, (1440 AH), vol. 41 and later
Spa:28. Norms:158.
For details on these letters, see:
Dr. Muhammad Hameedullah, Al-Wuthaiq al-Siyasiyyah, Dar al-Nafais, Beirut, (1985), p. 99 and later.
