The dictionary and commentary on the “al-Jahliyyah” in classical Islamic literature
لغت اور تفسیر سے متعلق کلاسیکی اسلامی ادب میں "الجاہلیۃ" کے مصداق کی تعین
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53575/u8.v5.04(21)80-90Keywords:
Islam, Quran, Jahiliyah, ArabicAbstract
There are number of Quranic terms elaborated in various perspectives in Islamic literature of classis era. The term “Al-Jahiliyah” is one of those terms. This is usually related to pre Islamic era of Arabs when idol worshiping was performed on vast level in almost all societies of Arab peninsula. Some classic experts of Arabic language have taken this term into account with respect to the particular acts and customs which were prevailing before Islam in different societies of the world. Same is done by some of Quranic commentators as well. Besides that, there are some language experts and Quranic commentators who have elaborated this term while relating it to the specific time periods. It indicates that the term has come across a prominent evolution of ideological scenario and it is still under consideration of Muslim scholars.
References
Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari, Jami al-Bayan, Dar-ul-Fikr, Beirut, vol. 9, p. 438
Muhammad bin Isma'il al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Dar-ul-Islam, Lahore, (2004) Kitab-ul-Iman, Chapter 22
Khalil bin Ahmad Farahidi, Kitab al-Ain, Wazarat al-Thaqafah, Baghdad, vol. 3, p. 390
Ibid., vol. 8, p. 115.
Hud: 27, 28, 29
Al-Anam:111
Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Muslim bin Qutayba al-Kufi, Al-Ma'ari, Maktaba al-Sharif al-Rida, Qom, Iran, (1994), p. 54
Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Azhari, Tahzeeb al-Lagha, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, vol. 4, p. 312, 313
Ibid., p. 314
In parallel, Imam Al-Tabari, a historian and commentator dating back to the 4th/12th century, described the pre-Islamic period of Arabia as "al-Jahiliyyah" in contrast to the time of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). (Muhammad bin Jarir Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Rasal wa'l-Muluk, Dar al-Tarath al-Arabi, Beirut, vol. 1, p. 232, vol. 2, p. 308)
At the same time, Imam Al-Tabari has also named the situation of Banu Israel before the arrival of Jesus (peace be upon him) with the same word. (Tarikh al-Rasal wa'l-Muluk, Vol. 1, p. 590)
Mahmud bin Umar bin Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Khwarizmi al-Zamakhshari, Asas al-Balagha, Dar Sadr, Beirut, (1992), p. 107.
Fath:26
Nishwan bin Sa'id al-Humayri Al-'Alimani, Shams-ul-Ulum, Dar-ul-Fikr, Damascus, (1999), vol. 2, p. 1199
Abd al-Rahman al-Darmi, Sunan Darmi, Ansar al-Sunnah, Publications, Lahore, Hadith No. 1823
Ibn Manzoor, Lasan al-Arab, Dar Sadr, Beirut, (1990), vol. 11, p. 130
M.G Carter, Arabic Lexicography, Cambridge University Press, (1990), P. 106
Bernard Weiss, Langusge and tradition in medieval Islam, Der Islam, Vol 61, (1984), P. 99
Al-Ahzab:33, Al-Ma'ida:50
Muqatil bin Sulaiman, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim, Maktabat al-Hayyat al-Misriyyah al-'Ama al-Kitab, Cairo (1979-1989), vol. 1, p. 483. Vol. 2, p. 488
Fath:26
Tafsir Al-Muqatil, vol. 4, p. 76
Al-Imran: 154
Tafseer Muqatil, vol. 1, p. 308
Al-Ma'ida:50
Tafseer Muqatil, vol. 1, pp. 483-483
Al-Ahzab: 33
Muhammad bin JarirTabari, Tafseer Jami al-Bayan, Dar-ul-Fikr, Beirut, 1999, vol. 22, pp. 6,7
Tafsir al-Tabari, vol. 22, p. 7
Tafsir al-Tabari, vol. 4, p. 188
Tafsir al-Tabari, vol. 4, p. 190
Tafsir al-Tabari, vol. 6, p. 371
Tafsir al-Tabari, vol. 26, p. 135
Ibn 'Umar Al-Zamhashri, al-Kashaf, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, vol. 1, p. 420
Al-Kashaf, vol. 1, p. 420, al-Qurtawi, al-Jami al-Aqsa al-Qur'an, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, (2000), vol. 4, p. 156.
Al-Imran: 154
Tafsir al-Qurtubi, vol. 4, p. 156
In their view, this could be the time between Adam and Noah, Noah Adam and Idris Adam, David Adam and Solomon Adam. See al-Kashaf, vol. 3, p. 521.
Al-Kashaf, vol. 3, p. 521, Asas al-Lagha, p. 107
Tafsir al-Qurtubi, vol. 14, p. 117
Tafseer Al-Qurtubi, vol. 16, p. 190
Tafseer Al-Qurtubi, vol. 6, p. 139
Tafsir al-Qurtubi, vol. 6, pp. 139,140
Al-Ahzab:33
Tafsir al-Qurtubi, vol. 14, p. 117
Al-Kashaf, vol. 1, p. 628. Zamhashri presents jhal against knowledge.
Al-Ma'ida:50
Al-Kashaf, vol. 1, pp. 628,629
