Significance of Prisons in the light of Islamic Teachings
جیل خانہ جات کی ضرورت و اہمیت اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53575/u4.v5.04(21)28-40Keywords:
Jail, means, accused, criminals, aim, frighten, betterment, regular, system, concept, Holy QuranAbstract
Jail means the place in which the accused persons are kept for investigation or criminals are kept for punishment. In jail, prisoners lose their right of freedom. The aim to establish jail is to frighten the unseemliness people, betterment of unconscious and ignorant persons and to give punishment to the criminals, so that peace of society may be maintained. The regular system of jail was not present in the period of Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and caliph Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A), but the concept of imprisonment existed. Hazrat Umer (R.A) Bought the house from Safwan bin Umayyah and used it as a jail in his reign. That was also present in the reign of Hazrat Usman (R.A). When Hazrat Ali (R.A) Became caliph, he constructed first regular jail which was given the name “Nafay”. The Second jail was “Mukhaius”. In Short, the concept of jail is taken from the Holy Quran, Hadith, remains of Sahaba and consensus of the Ummah.
References
Dr. Muhammad Ejaz, Islamic Concept of Imprisonment, Meaning and Goals of Imprisonment, Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Punjab, Lahore, January 2009, p. 23
Dr. Abdul Majeed Aulakh, Jail manual, The prison rules 1978, Civil & Criminal Law Publications, Lahore, 2017, P-2.
Al-Ma'ida 5:106
Ibid. 5:33
Mufti Muhammad Qasim Qadri, Sarat al-Janan fi Tafsir-ul-Quran, Maktaba al-Madinah, Bab al-Madina, Karachi, Rabi-ul-Awwal 2018, 1440 AH, vol. 2, p. 473
Al-Bukhaari, Muhammad b. Isma'il, al-Jami al-Sahih, Kitab al-Maghazi, Bab Qissa Aql wa 'Arina, Dar-ul-Tawq al-Naja'ah, al-Tabaqat al-Awli, 1422 A.H., Raqat al-Hadith: 4192
'Umar b. 'Ali, Siraj al-Din, al-Labaab fi 'Ulum al-Qur'an, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, vol. 7, p. 309
Firuzabadi, Abu Tahir Muhammad bin Ya'qub, Tanvir al-Muqiyas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Lebanon, p. 93
Muhammad bin Ahmad Shams-ud-Din, Al-Jami al-Ahkam al-Qur'an, Tafsir al-Qurtawi, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Misriyyah, al-Qahra, al-Tabaqat al-Thaniya, vol. 6, p. 153
Al-Nissa 4:15
Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir bin Yazid bin Kathir, Abu Ja'far, Jami al-Bayan an Taweel-e-Qur'an, Dar-e-Hijr al-Taba'ah wa'l-Nashr al-Tuzi wa'l-Awwal, vol. 6, p. 493
Al-Razi, Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Idris, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim laban Abi Hatim, Maktaba Najad Mustafa al-Baz al-Maktabat al-Arabiya al-Saudia, al-Tabaqat al-Thaltha, vol. 3, p. 893
Al-Shuqani, Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, Fath al-Qadeer, Dar ibn Kathir, Dar-ul-Kalam al-Tayyab, Damascus, Beirut, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, vol. 1, p. 504
Al-Mahali, Jalal al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad, al-Suyuti Jalal al-Din, 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Bakr, Tafsir al-Jalalin, Dar al-Hadith, al-Qahara, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, vol. 1, p. 101.
Al-Tauba 9:5
Khazan Ala'ud-Din 'Ali b. Muhammad, Labab al-Tawil fi Ma'ani al-Tanzeel, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, vol. 2, p. 337
Muhammad, 47:4
Ibn Majah, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid al-Qazvini, Sunan Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Sadaqat, Bab al-Habas parents and employees, Dar-e-Ahya al-Kutub al-Arabiya, Faisal Isa al-Basi al-Halabi, Raqi al-Hadith: 2427
Al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad bin Isa, Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Diyat, Bab Maja fi al-Habas fi al-Thama, Dar-ul-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut, 1998, Raqi al-Hadith: 1417
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, Tuhfat al-Ahoudhi Sharh Jami Tirmidhi, Kitab Abu'ab al-Niyat, Bab Maja fi al-Habas fi al-Thama, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Raqi al-Hadith: 1417
'Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hamam, al-Lekhak, Kitab al-'Aql, Bab al-'Az Yaqtal al-'Abd al-'Umma, al-Majlis al-Ilmiyyah, al-Hind, al-Tabaqat al-Thaniya, 1403 AH, Raqat al-Hadith: 18139
Ibn Batal Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. Khalaf, Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhaari Laban al-Batal Kitab al-Astqaraad wa'wada'a al-diyun wa'l-Hajar wa'l-Taflis Bab al-Rabat wa'l-Habas fi al-Haram, Dar al-Nashr Maktabat al-Rashd, al-Saudia al-Riyadh, al-Tabaqat al-Thaniya, vol. 6, p. 543
Al-Bayhaqi Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn 'Ali, al-Sunan al-Saghir al-Bayhaqi, Kitab adab al-qazi, Bab Ma'ali al-Qazi fi al-Khassum wal-Shuhud, Dar-ul-Nashr Jamiat al-Drasat al-Islamiyyah,KaratShi, Bakistan, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, 1410 AH, Raqi al-Hadith: 3260
Ibn Abi Shaybah, 'Abd Allah b. Muhammad, al-Lekhak fi al-Ahadith wa'l-Athar, Kitab al-Hadid, Bab Man Rukhs fi Circle of Wajza, Maktaba al-Rashad, al-Riyadh, Al-Tabaqat al-Awla, 1409 AH, Raqib al-Hadith: 28
'Umar ibn Shaybah, Tarikh al-Madinah, Ibn Shaybah, Bab Ta'ala 'Uthman ibn Affan, Sayyid Habib Mahmood Ahmad, Jeddah, 1399 AH, vol. 3, p. 1024
'Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hamam, al-Lekhak, Kitab al-Biwa, Bab al-Hibis fi al-Din, vol. 8, p. 306
Iddah , Kitab-ul-Ashraba, Bab Ashrab fi Ramazan wahlak al-Ras, Raqat-ul-Hadith: 17042
Abu Bakr ibn 'Ali, al-Jauharat al-Nira, Kitab al-Hajar, Bab-e-Anjaam, al-Mutabat al-Khairiyyah, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, vol. 1, p. 245
Muhammad bin Ahmad Shams al-Imaam, al-Mabsot, Kitab al-Kafala, Bab al-Hibis fi al-Din, Dar al-Ma'rafa, Beirut, Badun Al-Tababah, vol. 20, p. 88
Fakhr al-Dinal-Zayl al-Hanafi, 'Uthman b. 'Ali, Ta'byinal-Haqaq Sharh Qanz al-Daqaiq, Kitab al-Qazaa, Fasal fi al-Habas, Bab Unknown, al-Mutabat al-Kubra, Bolaq al-Qahra, al-Tabaqat al-Awla, vol. 4, p. 179. 180
