URDU-12 Muslim-Non-Muslim Relations in the Abbasid Era of the Subcontinent: A Research Review

Abstract

The era of the Abbasid Caliphate (750 -1258AD) is a period of cultural rise of Muslims. Although the Abbasid Caliphate was less extensive than the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate was still the largest political entity in the world. In this era the five independent governments of Subcontinent, are particularly noteworthy: 1. Daulat Mahaniya Sanjan (Subcontinent) 2. Habariya, Mansura (Sindh) 3. Daulat Samia Multan (Punjab) 4. Makran 5. Turan.In addition to these five permanent governments, some of them were permanent rulers who belonged directly to the Caliph of Baghdad. But their status was no more than that of big landowners and feudal lords. The article aims to analyze Muslim and non-Muslim relations, during the Abbasid’s rule in Subcontinent in historical context. During this era the government did not intervene in the people’s affairs. Any disputes or problems relating to the law were referred to the judge but this Islamic rule was only restricted to the Muslims. The non-Muslims were not bound to follow it. Every place had its own local meeting which would deal with any case according to its own rules and customs. Hence, they could design and implement their own law. In short the Muslim ruling period of Sub-continent provides a practical base in the way of Muslim, non- Muslim relation in present age.